Summary

Stable renal transplant recipients manifest a chronic hypercoagulablestate with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications,which appears to be multifactorial. While this group ofpatients could present the known risk factors for thromboembolismin the general population (e.g. diabetes, cancer, pregnancy),they may also suffer from other situations which are mostlyrelated to transplantation and are consequently specific to them. Here, we review briefly the clinical aspects and contro-versiesof the most important of these factors includingimmunosuppressive agents, antiphospholipid antibodies, hyper-homocysteinemia,pre-transplant dialysis modality, and post-transplanterythrocytosis. In addition, other more recent topicsincluding hypercysteinemia, recurrent proteinuria, and acuteCMV infection are discussed.