(1) Clinical Informatics Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA; (2) Critical Care Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA; (3) Pharmacy Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA; (4) Patient Care Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA; (5) Information Services Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA

(1) Charles B Wang Community Health Center, New York; (2) Optmus Health Care, Connecticut

(1) Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; (2) Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN

(1) College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; (2) Department of Health Policy and Management; (3) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, Maryland

(1) Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027; (2) Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina Del Rey, CA, 90292

(1) Duke University Health System and Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC, USA

(1) Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; (2) Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; (3) Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania

(1) Advocate Health Care, Oakbrook, IL

(1) Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.; (2) Seoul National Medical University; (3) University of Utah; (4) Intermountain Health Care; (5) Utah Department of Health